The original Fountain by Marcel Duchamp, 1917, photographed by Alfred Stieglitz on the 291 after the 1917 Society of Independent Artists exhibit. Stieglitz used a backdrop of The Warriors by Marsden Hartley to photograph the urinal. The end of the 20th century fostered an extensive debate known as the linguistic flip controversy, or the “innocent eye debate” within the philosophy of art. This debate mentioned the encounter of the murals as being decided by the relative extent to which the conceptual encounter with the work of art dominates over the perceptual encounter with the murals. This fallacy would later be repudiated by theorists from the reader-response faculty of literary theory. Ironically, one of the leading theorists from this faculty, Stanley Fish, was himself educated by New Critics.
Extreme Intentionalism holds that authorial intent performs a decisive function in the which means of a murals, conveying the content or essential major …
